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by James E. O'Hara and Peter G. Mason
The following list of insect parasitoids of the bertha armyworm was compiled from a review of the literature with the addition of new records obtained through rearings by Peter Mason (names marked with an asterisk). The names of the parasitoids have been updated to conform to current usage wherever possible. In some cases the host records have not been verified by actual examination of reared specimens. The region covered is North America north of Mexico.
The original references for older host records are given in Turnock (1984) and are not cited here. There are relatively few papers on the parasitoids of the bertha armyworm because the insect did not become a major pest until rapeseed and canola became significant crops on the prairies.
Tachinidae (Diptera)
Athrycia cinerea (Coquillett) (Turnock 1984)
Blondelia sp. (Wylie 1977)
Chetogena sp. [claripennis (Macquart) group] (Turnock 1984)
Chetogena sp. (Turnock 1984)
Eurithia consobrina (Meigen) (Turnock 1991; Turnock and Carl 1995)
(introduced but probably not established)
Exorista mella (Walker) (Turnock 1984)
Lespesia sp. (Turnock 1984)
Panzeria ampelus (Walker) (Turnock 1984)
Phryxe pecosensis (Townsend) (Turnock 1984)
Phryxe vulgaris (Fallén) (Turnock 1984)
Winthemia rufopicta (Bigot) (Turnock 1984)
Winthemia quadripustulata (F.) (Turnock 1984)
Braconidae (Hymenoptera)
Apanteles xylinus (Say) (Turnock 1984)
Cotesia laevicips (Ashm.) (Turnock 1984)
Microplitis mediator (Haliday)* (introduced, establishment unknown)
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)
Banchus flavescens (Cresson) (Turnock 1984)
Netelia sp. (Wylie and Bucher 1977)
Pterocormus (Ichneumon) canadensis (Cresson) (Wylie and Bucher
1977)
Hyperparasitic Ichneumonidae
Astiphromma strenuum Htg. from B. flavescens (Wylie and Bucher 1977)Cidaphus occidentalis Cushman from B. flavescens (Wylie and Bucher 1977)
Mesochrous americanus Cresson from A. xylinus (Wylie and Bucher 1977)
Phygadeuon subfuscus Cresson from A. cinerea (Wylie and Bucher 1977)
Eulophidae (Hymenoptera)
Eulophus nr. nebulosus (Provancher) (Turnock 1984)
Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus) (Turnock 1984)
Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)
Trichogramma inyoense Pinto & Oatman (Mason et al. 1998)
REFERENCES
Mason, P.G., Pinto, J.D., Long, Z.L. and J.L. Harris. 1998. First record of Trichogramma inyoense (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) attacking the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The Canadian Entomologist 130: 105-106.
Turnock, W.J. 1984. Mamestra configurata Walker, bertha armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pp. 49-55. In Kelleher, J.S. and M.A. Hulme, eds., Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada 1969-1980. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. Slough, England. 410 pp.
Turnock, W.J. 1991. Biological control of insect pests of field crops. Pp. 9-14. In McClay, A.S., ed., Proceedings of the workshop on biological control of pests in Canada, October 11-12, 1990, Calgary, Alberta. Alberta Environmental Centre, Vegreville, Alberta. AECV91-P1. 136 pp.
Turnock, W.J. and K.P. Carl. 1995. Evaluation of the Palaearctic Eurithia consobrina (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a potential biocontrol agent for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Canada. Biocontrol Science and Technology 5: 55-67.
Wylie, H.G. 1977. Insect parasites reared from bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, collected from artificial field populations near Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Manitoba Entomologist 11: 50-55.
Wylie, H.G. and G.E. Bucher. 1977. The bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), mortality of immature stages on the rape crop, 1972-1975. The Canadian Entomologist 109: 823-837.