For each doctoral thesis an external examiner from outside the university is appointed on behalf of the Assistant VP of Graduate Studies by the department chair, in consultation with the advisor. The external examiner must not have served as advisor to the student’s advisor, and must not have participated in joint projects with the advisor. In addition, the external examiner must not have been a student or member of the graduate faculty at the University in the last five years.The nomination will be made when the candidate's advisor declares that the thesis is about to be prepared, normally no later than the beginning of the student's last semester. The external examiner will submit a written appraisal of the thesis (at least seven days prior to the examination) to the chair of the department who will then provide these comments to the candidate and the Advisory Committee. The external examiner is expected to participate in the final oral examination and to assist in evaluating all aspects of the candidate's performance. Any individual who serves as an External Examiner may not serve again until a period of 3 years has passed.

The thesis may be submitted at any time of the year, but candidates are advised to allow ample time for revision and examination. A copy of the schedule of deadlines should be obtained from the Office of Graduate Studies by the candidate no later than the beginning of the semester in which the candidate intends to graduate.

It is understood that, as the thesis is being written, the candidate will be in regular communication with the advisory committee. When a draft is completed which the advisory committee recommends for examination, the candidate, with the endorsement of the departmental chair, formally requests an examination. A copy of the final draft is then sent to the external examiner as fair copy of the thesis. Arrangements for the final oral examinations are made. It is understood that as a result of the final oral examination corrections may be necessary to produce a revised final draft of the thesis.

The final oral examination is devoted chiefly, but not necessarily entirely, to the defence of the doctoral thesis. It is a faculty (as distinct from a departmental) examination, for which the arrangements are made by the department on behalf of the faculty in consultation with the Office of Graduate Studies.

The examination is conducted by a committee consisting of five members:

• A member of the regular graduate faculty who is not a member of the advisory committee appointed to act as chair by the department chair on behalf of the assistant vp;

• The external examiner;

• A member of the regular graduate faculty, who is not a member of the advisory committee, selected by the departmental graduate studies committee;

• Two members of the student's advisory committee, selected by the advisory committee.

The Assistant VP of Graduate Studies, or a designate, may attend a part or all of the examination. The examination is open to the public but members of the audience may question the candidate only upon invitation of the chair of the committee.

The members of the examination committee, including the external examiner, report individually on the final examination and the thesis. The candidate is deemed to have passed if no more than one of the five examiners votes negatively. An abstention is regarded as a negative vote. Concurrently, the members sign the Certificate of Approval, which is submitted with the approved thesis in its final form to the Assistant VP Graduate Studies via the Office of Graduate Studies (see Submission of Thesis) where the decision of satisfactory or unsatisfactory will be recorded. If unsatisfactory, the candidate may be given a second attempt. A second unsatisfactory result constitutes a recommendation to the Board of Graduate Studies that the student be required to withdraw (see Unsatisfactory Progress and Appeals of Decisions).

One unbound copy of the certified thesis must be submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies by the deadline date shown in the Academic Schedule in the calendar. The Certificate of Approval signed by the external examiner and the members of the examination committee must also be submitted. Also included must be a copy of an abstract consisting of no more than 350 words and a copy of the circulation waiver and the copying licence. A second copy of the certified thesis must be submitted to University Design and Print for binding and for eventual submission to the department.

The Certificate of Approval indicates that the thesis is suitable for publication. The university requires publication of the thesis in the following manner:

One unbound copy of the thesis is forwarded to the National Library of Canada, together with an agreement form signed by the candidate authorizing the National Library to microfilm the thesis and to make copies available for sale on request. The National Library will film the thesis exactly as it is and will list the thesis in Canadiana as a publication of the National Library.

The National Library's Microfilm Publication Agreement will be sent to the candidate prior to the final oral examination, to be signed and submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies immediately after the successful completion of the examination.

An abstract of not more than 350 words, prepared by the author and approved by the advisor, is forwarded by the National Library to the publishers of American Doctoral Dissertations. The abstract is printed in this work and the availability of the thesis in microfilm at the National Library is announced.

The candidate, in consultation with the advisor and the department chair, shall have the right to request that circulation and/or copying of the thesis in any form be withheld for up to one year.

Publication in the above manner does not preclude publication of all or part of the thesis in journals or in book form.