All students must choose an area of emphasis consisting of a minimum of 2.50 credits in a particular topic area. The sequence of courses normally begins in third year. With the approval of the program counsellor, students may develop their own area of emphasis. All areas of emphasis must be approved by the program counsellor. Students should note that entry to certain areas of emphasis is restricted by the student's choice of major. Thus program approval should be gained before registering in courses to count towards their area of emphasis.

All areas of emphasis must be approved by the program counsellor and students should note that entry to certain areas of emphasis is restricted by the student's choice of major.

Atmospheric Resources (AR)

MET*2030 [0.50] Meteorology and Climatology

Four of:

GEOG*2110 [0.50] Climate and the Biophysical Environment

MET*2020 [0.50] Agrometeorology

MET*3050 [0.50] Microclimatology

MET*4210 [0.50] Atmospheric Monitoring and Physical Meteorology

MET*4300 [0.50] Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry

Biotic Systems (BS)

BIOL*3110 [0.50] Population Ecology

BIOL*3120 [0.50] Community Ecology

Three of:

BIOL*3010 [0.50] Laboratory and Field Work in Ecology

BIOL*3130 [0.50] Conservation Biology

BIOL*3450 [0.50] Introduction to Aquatic Environments

BOT*2050 [0.50] Plant Ecology

ENVB*4780 [0.50] Forest Ecology

MBG*2000 [0.50] Introductory Genetics

MICR*4140 [0.50] Soil Microbiology and Biotechnology

ZOO*4350 [0.50] Biology of Polluted Waters

Crop Ecology (CE)

Four of:

CROP*2110 [0.50] Crop Ecology

CROP*2280 [0.50] Crops in Land Reclamation

CROP*4220 [0.50] Cropping Systems

CROP*4240 [0.50] Weed Science

CROP*4340 [0.50] Seminar: Selected Topics in Crop Science

ENVB*2040 [0.50] Biology of Plant Pests

ENVB*3030 [0.50] Pesticides and the Environment

GEOG*3320 [0.50] Agricultural Systems and Dynamics

SOIL*2010 [0.50] Soil Science

Development and Stewardship (DS)

SOIL*2120 [0.50] Introduction to Environmental Stewardship

and 4 courses from List A or List B:

List A

AGEC*4210 [0.50] World Agriculture and Economic Development

IDEV*2010 [0.50] Introduction to International Development

REXT*4020 [0.50] Rural Extension in Change and Development

List B

GEOG*4390 [0.50] Rural Systems in Transition

LARC*2820 [0.50] Urban and Regional Planning

SOIL*3050 [0.50] Land Utilization

Environmental Administration (EA)

GEOG*3210 [0.50] Management of the Biophysical Environment

HAFA*4390 [0.50] Individuals and Groups in Organizations

Three of:

COST*2020 [0.50] Information Management

HAFA*3000 [0.50] Human Resources Management

LARC*2820 [0.50] Urban and Regional Planning

POLS*2250 [0.50] Public Administration

POLS*3250 [0.50] Public Policy: Challenges and Prospects

REXT*3040 [0.50] Communication Process

Environmental Degradation (ED)

Three of:

ENGG*2550 [0.50] Water Management

ENVS*3360 [0.50] Waste Management and Utilization

MICR*4180 [0.50] Microbial Processes in Environmental Management

SOIL*3200 [0.50] Environmental Soil Biology

TOX*2000 [0.50] Principles of Toxicology

ZOO*4350 [0.50] Biology of Polluted Waters

Two of:

BIOL*3010 [0.50] Laboratory and Field Work in Ecology

CROP*2280 [0.50] Crops in Land Reclamation

GEOG*3110 [0.50] Biotic and Natural Resources

SOIL*3050 [0.50] Land Utilization

SOIL*3080 [0.50] Soil and Water Conservation

Environmental Economics and Policy (EEP)

ECON*1100 [0.50] Introductory Macroeconomics

One of:

AGEC*2700 [0.50] Survey of Natural Resource Economics*

ECON*2100 [0.50] Economic Growth and Environmental Quality*

Three of:

AGEC*4290 [0.50] Land Economics

AGEC*4310 [0.50] Resource Economics

ECON*2310 [0.50] Intermediate Microeconomics

ECON*2650 [0.50] Introduction to the Economics of Developing Countr

ECON*3580 [0.50] Economics of Regulation

ECON*4930 [0.50] Environmental Economics**

* whichever course (AGEC*2700 or AGEC*2100) not taken for the Environmental Sciences core is required for this area of emphasis

** additional prerequisites are needed

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

ENVS*4220 [0.50] Environmental Impact Assessment*

STAT*3510 [0.50] Environmental Risk Assessment

One of:

ENGG*3340 [0.50] Geographic Information Systems in Environmental En

GEOG*3480 [0.50] Geographic Information Systems

Two of:

BIOL*3450 [0.50] Introduction to Aquatic Environments

GEOG*4110 [0.50] Environmental Systems Analysis

GEOL*3190 [0.50] Environmental Water Chemistry

PBIO*4530 [0.50] Environmental Pollution Stresses on Plants

PHYS*3080 [0.50] Energy

TOX*2000 [0.50] Principles of Toxicology

ZOO*4350 [0.50] Biology of Polluted Waters

*additional prerequisites needed

Land Resources (LR)

GEOG*2000 [0.50] Geomorphology

GEOL*1000 [0.50] Principles of Geology

SOIL*2010 [0.50] Soil Science

Two of:

GEOL*2150 [0.75] Glacial Geology

GEOL*3130 [0.50] Agrogeology

MET*2030 [0.50] Meteorology and Climatology

SOIL*3080 [0.50] Soil and Water Conservation

SOIL*4170 [0.50] Soil Processes in the Landscape

Landscape Ecology (LE)

ENVS*3320 [0.50] Principles of Landscape Ecology

Four of:

BIOL*3010 [0.50] Laboratory and Field Work in Ecology

BIOL*4150 [0.50] Wildlife Conservation and Management

ENVB*2030 [0.50] Forestry

ENVB*4780 [0.50] Forest Ecology

GEOG*2000 [0.50] Geomorphology

GEOG*2110 [0.50] Climate and the Biophysical Environment

GEOG*4110 [0.50] Environmental Systems Analysis

LARC*2100 [0.50] Landscape Analysis

SOIL*2010 [0.50] Soil Science

SOIL*3080 [0.50] Soil and Water Conservation

ZOO*4110 [0.50] Principles of Fish and Wild Life Management

Mathematical Modelling and Risk Assessment (MMRA)

MATH*2150 [0.50] Applied Matrix Algebra

MATH*2170 [0.50] Differential Equations I

MATH*3510 [0.50] Biomathematics

STAT*2050 [0.50] Statistics II

STAT*3510 [0.50] Environmental Risk Assessment

One of:

MATH*2080 [0.50] Elements of Calculus II

STAT*2040 [0.50] Statistics I

If any of the above are included in the student's major, then one of the following must be taken:

CIS*2650 [0.50] Programming II

MATH*2130 [0.50] Numerical Methods

STAT*3240 [0.50] Applied Regression Analysis

Water Resources (WR)

GEOL*3060 [0.50] Groundwater

One of:

ENGG*3650 [0.50] Hydrology

GEOG*3610 [0.50] Environmental Hydrology

Three of:

BIOL*3450 [0.50] Introduction to Aquatic Environments

ENGG*2550 [0.50] Water Management

GEOG*3000 [0.50] Fluvial Processes

GEOL*3190 [0.50] Environmental Water Chemistry

SOIL*3070 [0.50] Environmental Soil Physics